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Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-638818

ABSTRACT

Las periodontitis son un conjunto de patologías de naturaleza inflamatoria y etiología infecciosa producidas por el biofilm patogénico subgingival. Porphyromonas gingivalis y Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans son bacterias periodonto-patógenas que pueden causar daño directo a las estructuras periodontales a través de los diversos factores de virulencia que expresan. Sobre la base de estos factores de virulencia, distintos genotipos y serotipos bacterianos se han descrito, cada uno de ellos con una potencial variable patogenicidad. En esta revisión bibliográfica se describen diferentes factores de virulencia de P. gingivalis y A. actinomycetemcomitans y se discute la variable inmunogenicidad y patogenicidad de los distintos genotipos y serotipos descritos para ellos. Tanto P. gingivalis como A. actinomycetemcomitans poseen diversos factores de virulencia asociados al inicio, progresión y severidad de las periodontitis. En P. gingivalis, los factores de virulencia para los cuales se describen distintos genotipos y/o serotipos son fimbria, LPS y cápsula bacteriana, y en A. actinomycetemcomitans son leucotoxina A, Cdt y LPS. Cada uno de estos distintos genotipos y serotipos induce una respuesta inmuno-inflamatoria diferente en el hospedero y, por lo tanto, se podrían asociar a una variable patogenicidad y podrían determinar las características clínicas de la enfermedad.


Periodontitis represents a heterogenic group of periodontal infections elicited by bacteria residing at the subgingival biofilm. Although this biofilm is constituted by a broad variety of bacterial species, only a limited number has been associated with the periodontitis aetiology, among them Porphyromonas gingivalis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. Both P. gingivalis and A. actinomycetemcomitans express a number of virulence factors that contribute to direct tissue damage and, based on them, distinct genotypes and serotypes have been described, each one with a potential variable pathogenicity. This review aimed to analyze the different virulence factors described for P. gingivalis and A. actinomycetemcomitans and to discuss the variable immunogenicity and pathogenicity of their serotypes and genotypes. P. gingivalis and A. actinomycetemcomitans express different virulence factors and they determine the initiation, progression, and severity of periodontitis. In P. gingivalis, distinct serotypes and/or genotypes are described based on fimbriae, LPS, and capsule. Additionally, in A. actinomycetemcomitans distinct serotypes and/or genotypes are described based on leucotoxin A, Cdt, and LPS. These distinct serotypes and genotypes induce a differential immunoinflammatory response and, thus, could be associated with variations in pathogenicity and reflected in clinic characteristics of the disease.


Subject(s)
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans/pathogenicity , Periodontitis/microbiology , Porphyromonas gingivalis/pathogenicity , Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans/classification , Fimbriae, Bacterial , Genotype , Lipopolysaccharides , Peptide Hydrolases , Porphyromonas gingivalis/classification , Serotyping , Virulence Factors
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